Wicklow Heritage Guide

Rising 241 metres above the Irish Sea, Bray Head offers sweeping views across Dublin Bay. Designated a Special Area of Conservation, it is home to rich wildlife and fascinating geology – the rocks here were formed over 500 million years ago, when Ireland lay on the floor of an ancient sea south of the equator. The climb to the summit of Bray Head takes about 30 minutes through oak woodland and heath – and the views from the top are well worth the effort.

Look out for the large white cross on the summit. It's been guiding ships safely to shore since 1950.

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Tucked into the hillside beneath Bray Head, this medieval church ruin has watched over the Wicklow coastline for nearly 800 years. Raheen-a-Cluig, from the Irish Ráithín an Chloig meaning ‘little fort of the bell’, was once gifted to the Augustinian order by the Archbolds – a powerful local family who held lands across the area.

The church was originally built in the 12th or 13th century and partially restored in the 18th century, but today it lies in atmospheric ruin. Set on the northern slopes of Bray Head, it offers spectacular views over the Irish Sea. Visitors can still see traces of its doorway and the graceful round-headed windows that hint at its medieval origins.

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Take a stroll along one of Ireland's longest seafront promenades!

Built in the mid 1800s by famous engineer William Dargan, this mile-long walkway has welcomed millions of visitors seeking sea air and spectacular views. The bandstand still hosts summer concerts – just like it did when your great-great-grandparents might have visited.

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Step into a fairy tale at one of Ireland's oldest family homes.

The Brabazon family has lived at Killruddery House for over 400 years, and its magnificent 17th-century gardens – modelled on the Gardens of Versailles – are among the finest in Europe. Film fans may recognise the house from the 2004 movie Ella Enchanted or the hit TV series The Tudors (2007–2010).

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This eye-catching modern building became Bray's cultural heart when it opened in 2002. Built specially as an arts venue, the building's curved roof and floor-to-ceiling glass windows make it stand out on the streetscape. Inside, the flexible theatre space transforms to suit each performance – whether it's hosting a thunderous rock concert or an intimate Shakespeare play. The ‘black box’ auditorium can accommodate up to 342 audience members.

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The story of Powerscourt stretches back to the medieval castle that once stood on this site. It was established by the Anglo-Norman La Poer family, and from them Powerscourt takes its name – ‘Poer's Court’. Today, Powerscourt House stands majestically against the backdrop of the Sugar Loaf mountain, surrounded by 47 acres of formal gardens that took more than 150 years to perfect.

The house you see today dates from the 1740s and was designed by the famous architect Richard Castle. The Wingfield family, who acquired the estate in 1608, transformed it into a grand country retreat, designing elegant terraces inspired by the great estates of Europe. The Italian Garden, with its ornate fountains and statues, flows into a serene Japanese Garden with bamboo groves and traditional bridges.

Don't miss the pet cemetery – yes, really! The Wingfields loved their animals so much, they created a beautifully kept graveyard for their horses and dogs, complete with heartfelt epitaphs.

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This charming clock tower has been the heart of Enniskerry village since 1843. Commissioned by the Powerscourt family as a memorial, it stands proudly in the triangular village square, keeping time for the community for over 180 years.

Its elegant design complements the village's neat rows of terraced houses, all painted in cheerful colours. Enniskerry itself was a carefully planned estate village, created by the Wingfield family to house workers from the nearby Powerscourt Estate.

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Get ready for Ireland's highest waterfall!

At 121 metres tall, Powerscourt Waterfall tumbles dramatically down the mountainside, creating a natural spectacle that's been drawing visitors for over 200 years. The River Dargle begins its journey high in the Wicklow Mountains, percolating through blanket bog and gathering strength before taking this spectacular plunge. The Victorians built viewing platforms and walkways so visitors could experience the waterfall's power up close – and you can still follow those historic paths today.

The surrounding parkland is perfect for picnics, with ancient oak woods providing shelter and lots of wildlife interest. It was here at Powerscourt Estate that sika deer were first introduced to Ireland in 1860. Since that time the sika have interbred with the native Irish red deer. The mixed offspring from these animals can regularly be seen grazing nearby.

In winter, the waterfall sometimes freezes into a magical ice sculpture, while summer brings families to paddle in the pools below.

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Step into an enchanted woodland where ancient trees create a natural cathedral. Knocksink Woods is one of Ireland's most important nature reserves, protecting rare plants and wildlife that have thrived there for thousands of years.

The Glencullen River winds through the reserve, creating peaceful pools and supporting remarkably diverse woodland wildlife. The mixed woodland, dominated by sessile oak, provides habitats for abundant wildlife throughout the seasons.

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Built in 1806 as one of five barracks on Wicklow's Military Road to accommodate British soldiers, Glencree is now a global centre for conflict resolution and dialogue. From post-war Germany to Northern Ireland's peace process, its quiet halls have welcomed people searching for common ground.

Across the road from the barracks lies the German Military Cemetery – the only one of its kind in Ireland. Here lie the graves of German soldiers and civilians who lost their lives on Irish soil during the First and Second World Wars.

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Opened in 1906, this elegant Edwardian building was one of 80 libraries gifted to Ireland by American philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. It has survived revolution, civil war and the rise of the internet – all while remaining the beating heart of Greystones town.

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Greystones, Na Clocha Liatha (meaning ‘grey stones’), has always embraced the sea. The harbour wall – hand-built in the 1860s and rebuilt in the 2000s – still shields local boats from Atlantic storms.

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1. The Sugarloaf Way is a circular trail that loops around Wicklow's best-known mountain.
2. The Great Sugar Loaf is 501 m high. It's not the tallest mountain in Wicklow, but it sure is the most eye-catching!
3. Even though it has a pointy top, it's not a volcano. The Sugar Loaf is made of super-tough rock called quartzite that's over 500 million years old.
4. From the top, you can see Dublin Bay, the Wicklow Mountains and even the mountains of Wales across the Irish Sea on a clear day.
5. The trail is well-marked and perfect for most people – you don't need to be a hiking expert to enjoy it.
6. Walk through oak woods, heather-covered hills and quiet fields with stone walls and grazing sheep.
7. Watch out for red squirrels, foxes, deer – and birds from tiny wrens to big buzzards flying overhead.
8. Long ago, sugar was sold in big cone-shaped lumps called ‘sugar loaves’. The mountain looks just like one – how sweet!
9. The nearby village of Kilmacanogue is associated with Mocheanóg, an early Irish saint who founded a monastery there and had close associations with Glendalough.
10. Keep your eyes peeled for tiny mountain wildflowers like the white-coloured heath bedstraw and the yellow-coloured tormentil growing along the trail.

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This medieval castle stands proudly on a hilltop overlooking the Irish Sea, its weathered stone walls whispering tales of medieval life. Construction likely began around 1300 by Albert de Kenley, with the Archbold family later completing and expanding the structure in the 15th century.

This rectangular hall-house was designed to impress, allowing for spectacular views across the coastline – perfect for spotting approaching enemies or welcoming friends. Walk through the ruined chambers and you can still imagine the great hall where medieval feasts were held by firelight.

By the 1600s, the castle had fallen into ruin, and today it stands as a weathered reminder of medieval life in Wicklow.

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Just outside Roundwood lies the Vartry Reservoir. These calm, expansive lakes are a man-made feature, appearing on the landscape just over 160 years ago.

In the 1860s, a major engineering project was carried out here to solve Dublin's water crisis. Until then, many people in the city got their drinking water from polluted rivers and wells, leading to serious outbreaks of disease. The Vartry Water Scheme, supported by Dublin doctor and reformer Sir John Gray, changed that.

By building a dam on the River Vartry and piping water all the way to Dublin, this quiet Wicklow valley became the source of the capital's first clean water supply. The reservoir was expanded in the 1920s and now includes both Upper and Lower Vartry Reservoirs, which together can hold almost 17 billion litres of water.

Today, the Vartry reservoir is a haven for wildlife and a peaceful retreat for walking, cycling and birdwatching. Forest paths and lakeside trails wind through the area, making it a favourite escape for both locals and visitors.

Who was Sir John Gray?

Sir John Gray (1815–1875) was a doctor, politician and journalist who played a key role in bringing clean water to Dublin.

In the 1850s, poor sanitation and dirty water meant disease spread quickly in the city. Gray believed that access to clean water was a basic right, so he campaigned for a new water system to be built.

Thanks to his efforts, water from the Vartry Valley in Wicklow was piped to Dublin for the first time in 1868. It was a turning point for public health in Ireland's capital.

You can still see his statue today on O'Connell Street in Dublin, near the river he helped make safer. Just to note – the pigeon sometimes seen perched on his head is not a permanent fixture!

The bellmouth spillway

Vartry Reservoir has a dramatic circular opening in the water called a bellmouth spillway.

A reservoir collects rainwater and runoff from nearby hills. The water is held behind a dam and released gradually as needed. Before it reaches your tap, it travels to a treatment plant, where it's cleaned and made safe to drink.

But what happens when there's too much water? That's where the spillway comes in. Shaped like a giant plughole, it prevents flooding. When the water level rises too high, it pours into the opening, drops down a deep shaft and travels through underground tunnels before re-entering the river system downstream.

It's a simple but brilliant idea. Like the overflow in a sink, it releases excess water before it causes damage – protecting both the reservoir and the land around it.

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At 238 metres above sea level, Roundwood is one of Ireland's highest villages. Nestled between the Wicklow Mountains and the Vartry Valley, it's a peaceful place surrounded by walking trails, lakes and forest. Roundwood developed in the 18th and 19th centuries as a stopping point for travellers crossing the Wicklow Mountains.

Today, it's a popular base for exploring the nearby Wicklow Mountains National Park – including Lough Dan, Djouce Mountain and stretches of the Wicklow Way.

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Ireland's largest national park spans over 20,000 hectares of mountain peaks, blanket bog, woodland and pristine lakes. Established in 1991, it safeguards some of Europe's most important wildlife habitats. The information office at the Upper Lake in Glendalough is the ideal starting point for exploring marked trails, with routes for both novices and seasoned hikers. Keep watch for the peregrine falcon – the world's fastest bird – or wild goats, descendants of animals kept here centuries ago and still roaming the valley today.

Lough Tay

Lough Tay is privately owned by the Guinness family, who are said to have added white sand to its northern shore, giving the lake its iconic ‘pint of Guinness’ appearance.

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The Military Road: A Road Built for War

After the failed 1798 Rebellion, Irish rebels – including Michael Dwyer, the leader who held out in the Wicklow Mountains for years after the uprising – continued to resist British rule from the remote valleys of the Wicklow Mountains. To reach them, the British Army began building a new road through the heart of the mountains in August 1800.

This was one of the first purpose-built military roads in Ireland. While there were roads running east to west in the area, none ran north to south – making the uplands perfect for hiding. The new route sought to change that.

Engineer Captain Alexander Taylor led the work. Teams of soldiers carved the road through bog and rock using pickaxes, shovels and wheelbarrows. Bad weather made it even harder. Taylor spent nine years on the project, which stretched almost 60 km from Rathfarnham in Dublin to Aghavannagh in south Wicklow. It was completed in October 1809.

To secure the route, five barracks were built to house up to 100 soldiers each: Glencree, Laragh, Glenmalure, Aghavannagh and Glen of Imaal.

By the time the Military Road was finished, it was no longer needed – Dwyer had ended his campaign in 1803 and the threat of French invasion had faded by 1815 with the defeat of Napoleon.

What was once a military route is now one of Ireland's most scenic drives, drawing visitors to the same wild landscapes that once hid Irish rebels.

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This dramatic mountain pass (part of the Military Road) sits 503 metres above sea level and offers some of Ireland's most spectacular mountain scenery. The road that brings you here has quite a story – it was built by the British Army in 1800–1809 to help them track down Irish rebels hiding in the mountains after the 1798 Rebellion.

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Overlooking the stunning Lough Tay stands a quiet tribute to one of Ireland's most influential outdoor explorers.

This memorial honours JB Malone, a legendary mountaineer, writer and broadcaster who dedicated his life to promoting access to Ireland's hills and uplands. Known as one of the founding fathers of Irish hillwalking, JB didn't just walk the Wicklow Mountains – he mapped them, wrote about them and inspired generations to follow in his footsteps.

His bestselling guidebooks and tireless campaigning helped make places like Lough Tay and the surrounding peaks more accessible to walkers of all ages. Thanks to JB Malone, the Wicklow Way – Ireland's first long-distance walking route – became a reality.

Pause here, take in the view and remember the man who believed the mountains should be for everyone.

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Tucked within a dramatic glacial valley in the Wicklow Mountains, Glendalough – from Gleann Dá Loch, meaning ‘Valley of the Two Lakes’ – is one of Ireland's most evocative early Christian sites. Founded in the 6th century by Saint Kevin, a hermit and holy man, this once-remote retreat grew into a thriving monastic settlement renowned across Europe.

Over the centuries, Glendalough became a centre of pilgrimage, learning and religious devotion. Monks lived, worked and worshipped here for generations – leaving behind a remarkable complex of buildings that still inspire awe today.

The Round Tower

Rising almost 30 metres high, this iconic tower is over 1,000 years old and once served as a bell tower. Built on shallow foundations, its raised doorway added stability and allowed access by a wooden ladder that could be pulled up in times of danger.

Saint Kevin's Church (or ‘Saint Kevin's Kitchen’)

This unique stone-roofed church gets its nickname from the chimney-like round tower beside it – though it was never likely used for cooking! Built in the 11th or 12th century, St Kevin's Church remains one of the best-preserved structures on site.

The Cathedral

The largest and most complex ruin in Glendalough, the cathedral ruins reveal the scale and significance of this monastic settlement. Look for intricate archways, stone fonts and carved window details that hint at the site's former grandeur.

Grave Slabs and High Crosses

Wander through the graveyard to find centuries-old slabs and beautifully carved crosses. Look out for detailed crucifixion scenes by Dennis Cullen, one of Ireland's finest 18th-century stone carvers – and see if you can spot his signature!

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Saint Kevin

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Saint Kevin

Saint Kevin, known in Irish as Cóemgen (meaning ‘gentle-born’), was an early Irish Christian monk and hermit born around 498 AD. He is best remembered as the founder of Glendalough Monastery in the Wicklow Mountains.

Kevin came from a prominent Leinster family and was educated in the monastic tradition, possibly at Kilnamanagh and Clonard. Seeking solitude, he withdrew to the remote valley of Glendalough, where he lived in a cave known as Saint Kevin's Bed, praying and embracing a life of simplicity and reflection. Over time, followers gathered around him, and from this a thriving monastic community took shape.

Kevin died around 618 AD, reputedly at the age of 120, and was later venerated as a saint. His feast day is celebrated on 3 June. Many legends grew around his life, including tales of his closeness to nature and extraordinary patience – such as the story of him holding still while a blackbird built a nest and laid its eggs in his outstretched hand.

Saint Kevin remains one of Ireland's most beloved early saints, and Glendalough is both his legacy and his resting place.

After you've visited the monastic site, the Glendalough Visitor Centre, located nearby, offers the perfect place to dig deeper. Run by the Office of Public Works, the centre brings the history of this remarkable valley to life through exhibits, models and multimedia displays.

Step inside and you'll find a 3D scale model of the monastic site, interactive touchscreens and artefacts that help explain daily life here over a thousand years ago. A short film introduces the story of Saint Kevin and shows how Glendalough grew from a hermit's hideaway into one of Ireland's most important religious sites.

The Centre also provides regular guided tours throughout the day.

Saint Kevin's Bed

High above the Upper Lake lies a small man-made cave known as Saint Kevin's Bed. Tradition says Kevin lived and prayed here in solitude before followers gathered around him. The cave symbolises Glendalough's beginnings – a remote retreat that grew into one of Ireland's most important monastic centres.

The Deer Stone

Near the monastic site stands the Deer Stone, a boulder with a hollow top said to have once held milk brought by a wild doe to feed an abandoned child. Though legendary, the stone reflects Glendalough's spirit of kindness and care – virtues central to early monastic life.

The Miner's Village

Beyond the Upper Lake lie the ruins of Glendalough's 19th-century mining buildings. Lead and zinc were extracted here, bringing new livelihoods and altering the valley's quiet character. Today, these quiet remains tell the story of a later era when industry, not monastic devotion, shaped life in the glen.

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Step back in time at Avondale House, the birthplace of Charles Stewart Parnell – one of Ireland's most important political leaders and known as the 'Uncrowned King of Ireland'. The house is now a museum dedicated to the memory of Charles Stewart Parnell and the wider Parnell family.

Outside, there's even more to explore. Beyond the Trees Avondale is a fun forest adventure with a treetop walk, a giant viewing tower and a swirling slide you can take from the very top! There are walking trails, a nature playground and a café too – perfect for a cracking day out.

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The Great Wicklow Gold Rush of 1795

A quiet valley turns to gold.
In the late 1700s, the Ballinvally River Valley in south Wicklow was a peaceful place – just a narrow road, a winding stream and a few scattered homes. But in 1795, something incredible happened: people discovered gold in the riverbeds! Suddenly, the valley was filled with hundreds of hopeful diggers, all dreaming of striking it rich.

Pots, pans and gold dust.
At the height of the rush, up to 300 men were digging and panning, while women and children reworked the gravel the men had dug up, using household items like sieves, kettles and even broken pots! Most had no idea what they were doing – and they missed so much gold that others made money just sifting through their waste piles.

A golden fortune.
In just six weeks, diggers found between £3,000 and £10,000 worth of gold – that's up to 9,000 ounces! The news spread across the country. People arrived from all over, and the valley became so crowded that the government sent in soldiers to take control. No wonder – in today's money, that amount of gold would be worth millions!

The search continues.
After the rush, professional miners took over. They dug deep trenches, blasted rock and used special pans and troughs. But no one ever found the main source of the gold – known as the 'mother lode'. Gold was collected from what was now called the Goldmines Valley on and off for over 150 years, and even in the 1950s hopeful diggers were still trying their luck!

Is there still gold in Wicklow?
To this day, no one knows exactly where the Wicklow gold came from. Some believe it broke off quartz rock deep underground. Others think it came from copper ores nearby. One thing's for sure – Wicklow was the site of Ireland's only major gold rush and the first place where gold was commercially mined by the Crown. Who knows? Maybe there's still a lucky nugget waiting to be found!

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This peaceful walking trail follows the beautiful Avonmore River as it winds through woods, fields and hidden valleys. The path links Trooperstown to Avondale, and is perfect for spotting birds, butterflies and maybe even a red squirrel or two!

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If you're feeling adventurous, look up – way up! Lugnaquilla (or 'Lug') is the highest mountain in Leinster, standing at 925 metres. On a clear day, you can see all the way to Wales! It's a tough climb (experienced climbers only, with proper gear), but even just seeing it from below is pretty impressive.

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Tucked away in the heart of Wicklow's wild mountains is Glenmalure – Ireland's longest glacial valley. It stretches for 20 kilometres and was once a secret hideout during rebellions and battles. Today, it's a top spot for walkers and history lovers alike. Follow the Old Mining Trails, where lead, zinc and other metals were once dug from the ground. You'll see old ruins, tunnels and rusty machinery left behind from the 1800s.

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Not far from Rathdrum, Greenan Farm is a brilliant mix of old and new. You can explore a hedge maze, visit a traditional farm with animals, walk through nature trails and fairy woods and learn about life in the past at the Farming and History Museum.

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The pretty village of Avoca sits in a valley shaped by over 2,000 years of copper mining – making it one of the oldest mining sites in Ireland. Miners once dug deep into the hills using picks, carts and explosives, leaving behind colourful streaks of red and green rock. Though the mines closed in the 1980s, the valley still carries the marks of its past. Today, walking trails and heritage signs guide visitors through this landscape, where nature is slowly reclaiming the land.

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Often referred to as one of Ireland's most romantic spots, Woodenbridge sits where the Avonmore and Aughrim rivers meet to form the Avoca River. It's also home to one of the oldest golf clubs in Ireland – and a famous old hotel that once hosted Michael Collins!

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This peaceful riverside spot near Avoca inspired the famous poem 'The Meeting of the Waters' by Thomas Moore. It's where the Avonmore and Avonbeg rivers flow together – a perfect place for a picnic, a photo or a quiet moment in nature.

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Just a short drive away lies Aughrim, widely regarded as one of Wicklow's most picturesque villages – and with good reason. This multiple winner of Ireland's Tidiest Town is defined by its charm, boasting stone bridges, riverside walks and stunning flower displays around every turn. The village was once a busy spot for milling, with grain mills powered by the river. Today, it's a peaceful place known for fishing, farmers' markets and its well-maintained historic charm.

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Just outside Avoca village, the Red Kite Walk follows a gentle riverside trail where these majestic birds of prey have been reintroduced. Known for their forked tails and graceful flight, red kites disappeared from Ireland in the 1800s – but, thanks to a reintroduction project, they're now soaring over Wicklow once again. Keep an eye out for information signs along the route – and don't forget to look up!

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Founded around 1723, Avoca Handweavers is the oldest continuously operating woollen mill in Ireland and one of the world's oldest manufacturing businesses. It began as a rural enterprise where local farmers brought wool to be spun and woven by hand. Today, visitors can watch colourful looms in operation, creating scarves, throws and blankets that are sold far beyond Wicklow. The mill's bright textiles and skilled craftsmanship continue a tradition nearly three centuries in the making.

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Set against the wild beauty of the Wicklow Mountains, Blessington is one of the largest towns in west Wicklow. With its 18th-century charm and scenic lakeside setting, it's a place where history and modern life flow side by side. Surrounded by the still waters of the Blessington Lakes, the town has drawn people for centuries – and traces of its past remain throughout the streets.

The town was founded in the 17th century by Michael Boyle, Archbishop of Dublin and Lord Chancellor of Ireland. He built St Mary's Church in 1683, the bells of which are still in continuous use – making them the oldest in Ireland.

The Downshire Monument honours Arthur Hill, 2nd Marquess of Downshire, who shaped the town in the 1800s. Keep an eye out for the fine buildings on Main Street, including the Credit Union House and the distinctive Horseshoe Arch, which stand as a testament to the local granite and stone-cutting traditions.

The Blessington Lakes

Known officially as the Poulaphouca Reservoir, these artificial lakes were created in the 1930s and '40s to provide water and electricity to Dublin. Entire valleys were flooded, and local communities were relocated – but the result was Ireland's largest man-made lake, covering over 5,000 acres. Today, the lakes are a peaceful destination for fishing, walking, cycling and wildlife spotting.

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Just outside Blessington lies one of Ireland's great country estates. Russborough House, built in the 1740s by the renowned architect Richard Cassels, is a masterpiece of Georgian and Palladian architecture. Its elegant façade stretches longer than any other house in Ireland.

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Once burned during the 1798 Rebellion, Tinahely has rebuilt itself into a thriving market town. Today, it's home to the Courthouse Arts Centre, a converted courthouse that hosts exhibitions, concerts and workshops. The town is also a great base for walking trails and exploring nearby nature.

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These ancient woods just outside Tinahely are the last surviving piece of old oak woodland that once covered much of the area. The trees here are hundreds of years old, and the forest is home to red squirrels, buzzards and badgers. A looped trail lets you explore the peaceful riverside and shady groves.

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Once the centre of a huge estate owned by the Earls of Fitzwilliam, Coollattin House was surrounded by 88,000 acres of farmland – that's nearly a quarter of all County Wicklow at the time. The family lived in style, while many local tenants worked the land.

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Shillelagh was designed in the 1600s as a planned estate village, with neat streets and granite buildings. It's also the birthplace of the famous shillelagh stick, a type of blackthorn walking stick (or weapon) once used for self-defence.

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Near Shillelagh lies Rathgall Hillfort, one of Ireland's most important Bronze Age sites. The huge circular fort is made up of stone ramparts, with a central enclosure where people once lived, worked and worshipped nearly 3,000 years ago.

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Tucked away down a quiet lane, the ruins of Aghowle Church are some of the best preserved in Wicklow. The site dates back to early Christian times, and the present church, built around the 12th century, still has a beautifully carved doorway and a cross-inscribed stone nearby.

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Nestled into the hills near the quiet village of Donard, this small stone cottage was the scene of a dramatic moment in Irish history. In 1799, rebel leader Michael Dwyer and his men were cornered here by British soldiers. With no way out, they held their ground until one of them, Sam McAllister, bravely stepped into the line of fire to give Dwyer a chance to escape. The cottage has been carefully restored and stands as a memorial to the bravery of Wicklow's rebels.

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Discover some fascinating facts about this ancient town and its surroundings.

1. Baltinglass lies at the western fringe of the Wicklow Mountains, just four kilometres from where the three counties of Wicklow, Carlow and Kildare meet.
2. The town of Baltinglass is located in an ancient archaeological landscape, surrounded by multiple hillfort monuments that are unique in Ireland and provide evidence of human settlement for more than 5,000 years.
3. The River Slaney flows gently through the town on its way to the sea – a journey of nearly 100 km to Wexford Harbour.
4. The town formed around a Cistercian abbey founded in 1148 by Diarmaid Mac Murchadha. The abbey's picturesque ruins still stand near the river.
5. Baltinglass became an official town in 1663 when it was granted a charter by King Charles II. That charter gave the town the right to hold markets and fairs – a big deal at the time!
6. One of the town's most famous locals, Richard Crosbie, became Ireland's first successful aviator. He launched a hot-air balloon over Dublin in 1785.
7. The River Slaney is a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) for wildlife, supporting the elusive otter and the endangered freshwater pearl mussel – Ireland's longest-living mollusc, which can live for up to 140 years.
8. Trains arrived in Baltinglass in 1885 and powered the town's economy for over 60 years, connecting the town to Dublin.
9. Baltinglass Courthouse occupies a central position in the town. Built in 1810, it still houses cells in the basement from the former bridewell (prison) that was once attached.

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Baltinglass Born

Baltinglass has produced some famous people.

John Thomond O'Brien

Born in Baltinglass in 1786, John Thomond O'Brien left Ireland and became a key figure in the South American wars of independence. He joined the forces of General José de San Martín and played a vital role in battles that led to the liberation of Argentina, Chile and Peru from Spanish rule. Celebrated as a hero in Argentina, he went on to become a diplomat and advisor. Streets and schools in Argentina are still named after him.

Jennie Wyse Power

Jennie Wyse Power was born near Baltinglass in 1858 and became one of Ireland's earliest female politicians. A strong voice for women's rights, she was active in the suffrage movement, a founding member of Sinn Féin and later Cumann na mBan. Jennie went on to serve in the first Irish Free State Senate, making her one of the most influential women in early 20th-century Ireland. Her legacy lives on in Irish political and feminist history.

Richard Crosbie

Richard Crosbie, born in Baltinglass in 1755, holds the title of Ireland's first aviator. Fascinated by science and invention, Crosbie made history on 19 January 1785, when he launched himself into the skies in a hot-air balloon from Dublin's Ranelagh Gardens. His balloon flight crossed the River Liffey and landed in Clontarf – a daring journey that amazed the public and earned him a lasting place in the story of Irish flight.

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Sitting at the mouth of the Avoca River, Arklow is one of Wicklow's busiest towns and has a long history as a port, fishing village and shipbuilding centre. It was once home to a large fleet of wooden sailing ships, and its maritime history lives on at the Arklow Maritime Museum.

Inside, you'll find models of old ships, stories of sea rescues and even a torpedo casing from World War II!

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In the early 1900s, Kynoch's factory in Arklow made explosives and ammunition, employing over 1,000 people. The site had its own railway line and power station, and played a major role in wartime production. But on 21 September 1917, at around 3 am, a massive explosion tore through the factory, killing 17 workers and damaging buildings across the town. The blast was so powerful it was heard 30 kilometres away, echoing into Wexford, and the flash was seen far out at sea. It remains one of the worst industrial accidents in Irish history.

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Arklow once had a Norman castle, built in the 12th century. It stood on the hill above the river but was destroyed in a battle during the 1600s. Today, only sections of the circular tower and surrounding wall remain, perched on the edge of a rocky outcrop known locally as 'The Alps'. An illustration by artist Sara Nylund imagines what Arklow Castle might once have looked like.

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Arklow Shipping

Arklow gave its name to more than 80 ships – all beginning with 'Arklow' and still sailing under the Irish flag today! Here are just some of the fleet.

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Wicklow Town is the county town of Wicklow and one of the oldest coastal settlements in Ireland. Sitting snugly between the Wicklow Mountains and the Irish Sea, it has seen more than 1,500 years of history – from early Christian monks to Viking invaders, brave rebels and daring sea captains.

Although it's not the biggest town in the county (that's Bray), Wicklow Town is where the county council is based, and where many important local decisions are made. It's a working harbour town, with a lively mix of shops, schools and cafés, as well as many boats coming and going.

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Wicklow Town Heritage Trail

Explore five key sites that tell the story of Wicklow – from saints and sailors to rebels and ruins. History is everywhere … if you know where to look!

1. St Patrick's Church & Travilahawk Beach. Legend has it that Saint Patrick landed at Travilahawk Beach in 432 CE, founding the early Christian settlement known as Cill Mhantáin ('Church of Mantán').

2. Abbey Grounds / Wicklow Friary. Founded in 1252, this Franciscan abbey was later confiscated and used as a courthouse and arsenal. It is now a public park, with the atmospheric ruins providing a backdrop for performances, events and picnics.

3. Wicklow Gaol. Built between 1702 and 1843, the gaol (jail) held prisoners from the 1798 Rebellion through to the Civil War era. Today, the interior retains its original layout of prison cells and is open for visits and guided tours.

4. Wicklow Town Hall & Billy Byrne Statue. Dating back to the late 1600s, this neo-classical building once housed markets and local governance, and hosted public gatherings – including a 1915 recruiting meeting during World War I. In front stands a monument to Billy Byrne, a leader of the 1798 Rebellion.

5. Captain Robert Halpin's Bridge Tavern. The birthplace tavern of Captain Robert Halpin (1836–1894), the man who commanded the SS Great Eastern as it successfully laid the first permanent transatlantic telegraph cable in 1866. This ground-breaking feat in world communications instantly linked Europe to America via an underwater cable. A local trail tells the full story of his seafaring life and global legacy.

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1. National Botanic Gardens, Kilmacurragh

A hidden gem with exotic trees, rare plants and wildflower meadows – all rooted in a grand 18th-century estate.

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2. Mount Usher Gardens, Ashford

Designed in the style of English gardener William Robinson who designed natural 'wild' gardens, Mount Usher Gardens is often considered one of the world's top public gardens.

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3. Seefin Passage Tomb

Older than the Pyramids of Giza, this mountaintop tomb holds 5,000 years of mystery and starlit secrets.

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4. Beyond the Trees

The Treetop Walk at Beyond the Trees Avondale offers a unique adventure through the forest canopy, winding gently above the trees to reveal stunning views of Avondale's natural beauty – a must-do for adventurous spirits!

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5. Devil's Glen

Towering trees, twisting trails and a waterfall deep in the woods, where a sculpture trail sets art among the trees.

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6. Ballyknockan Granite Village

Known for its granite quarries, this hardy village was carved from stone – and the skill of the stonecutters lives on in the many beautiful granite buildings.

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7. Wicklow Mountains

A red deer stands still in the Wicklow Mountains – Ireland's largest wild land mammal in its natural habitat.

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8. The Old Blessington Tram

Opened in 1888, the Blessington Tram carried passengers, post and livestock between the counties of Dublin and Wicklow.

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9. Wicklow's Own Hollywood

Once a pilgrim path, now a film favourite – this scenic spot echoes with stories and screen legends.

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10. Glen Beach Cliff Walk

Starting from the Glen Car Park just outside Wicklow Town, this stunning 4 km looped walk follows the rugged coastline. Keep an eye out for seals and seabirds along the way.

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11. Wicklow Lighthouses

There are three lighthouses on Wicklow Head. The octagonal tower, built in 1781, is now a holiday home; the second tower has been decommissioned, while the lower lighthouse, built in 1818, remains active, guiding sailors safely through the Irish Sea.

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12. Dunlavin Village

In the centre of Dunlavin village stands the iconic former Market House and Courthouse – the site of a notorious massacre in 1798 and now home to Dunlavin Public Library. Look out for its striking domed roof, crafted from Wicklow granite.

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Michael Dwyer (1772–1825)

1798 Rebellion Leader

Michael Dwyer was born in the Glen of Imaal and became one of Ireland's most enduring symbols of resistance. During the 1798 Rebellion, he fought with the United Irishmen against British rule. When the main uprising was crushed, Dwyer didn't surrender – he vanished into the Wicklow Mountains and waged a five-year guerrilla campaign that drove the British authorities to frustration.

Using his deep knowledge of the land and support from local communities, he stayed one step ahead of capture – a living reminder that the fight wasn't over. In 1803, he negotiated exile to Australia rather than face defeat.

Even there, he made his mark – earning respect and later a government post in New South Wales. By the time of his death in 1825, Dwyer had become legend. His story is a tribute to resilience – and to never backing down from what you believe in.

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Charles Stewart Parnell (1846–1891)

Home Rule Leader

Born at Avondale House, Charles Stewart Parnell was the political superstar of 19th-century Ireland – so influential he was known as the 'Uncrowned King of Ireland'. A skilled politician and orator, he became leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party and the Home Rule movement in the 1880s. Parnell championed land reform, tenant rights and Irish self-government in the British Parliament – often clashing fiercely with his opponents. His career collapsed after a scandal involving his relationship with a married woman, Katharine O'Shea – a revelation that shocked Victorian society.

Though many supporters remained loyal, Parnell's fall from power was swift. He died aged just 45, his political ambitions in ruins. Yet his legacy endured – many credit Parnell with laying the foundations for Ireland's later independence. Today, his birthplace at Avondale is a national heritage site – a lasting tribute to a complex and influential leader.

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Anna Parnell (1852–1911)

Activist, Ladies' Land League Founder

Born in Avondale, Anna Parnell was a passionate political activist – and the younger sister of Charles Stewart Parnell. In 1881, when her brother and other male leaders were imprisoned, Anna took charge of the newly formed Ladies' Land League. She led a nationwide relief operation that supported thousands of evicted tenant families during Ireland's Land War – organising women, raising funds and providing food and shelter.

Her work was revolutionary – not just politically, but socially – giving Irish women a strong public voice decades before they could vote. Though she later fell out with her brother and clashed with male leaders who tried to control the movement, Anna's impact was undeniable. Long overlooked in history, she is now recognised as one of Ireland's pioneering female activists – and one of Wicklow's bravest daughters.

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Kate Tyrrell (1862–1921)

Pioneering Sea Captain

In an era when women couldn't even open a bank account without their husband's permission, Kate Tyrrell was commanding ships across the Irish Sea. Born in Arklow, she took over the family shipping business after her father died – not because she was asked, but because she was the only one who could do it. She sailed the schooner Denbighshire Lass, but for years had to operate under her father's name – women weren't officially allowed to register as captains.

Kate managed crews who doubted her, navigated dangerous routes and negotiated tough trade deals – all while proving, voyage after voyage, that she belonged at the helm. Eventually, she was formally recognised as the ship's owner and captain.

In a world that told women to stay home, Kate Tyrrell charted her own course – and opened the way for those who followed.

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Robert Barton (1881–1975)

Treaty Signatory & Minister

Born at Glendalough House in Annamoe, Robert Childers Barton began as a British Army officer but later signed one of the most controversial documents in Irish history.

Outraged by Britain's execution of the 1916 leaders, Barton resigned his commission and joined the republican movement – a dramatic shift from serving the Empire to opposing it. Elected to the first Dáil in 1919, he was chosen in 1921 as one of five delegates to negotiate the Anglo-Irish Treaty.

Faced with signing a compromise treaty or risking further war, Barton signed reluctantly, later calling it one of the hardest choices of his life. When civil war followed, he sided with the anti-Treaty camp, standing by his convictions despite the cost.

When he died in 1975, the last surviving Treaty signatory, Ireland lost a man who knew that doing right often meant choosing between imperfect options.

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Ina Boyle (1889–1967)

Composer

While others fought political battles, Ina Boyle led her own quiet revolution from Bushey Park near Enniskerry – through music and unwavering determination.

One of very few Irish women composers, Ina studied under Ralph Vaughan Williams – one of Britain's most celebrated composers. She created symphonies, chamber works and choral music while living in near total isolation in Wicklow. Her work received only a handful of performances during her lifetime on Irish radio.

At a time when concert halls were closed to women composers, Boyle continued composing in obscurity – her work largely unheard until its rediscovery decades after her death.

Today, her work is being rediscovered by new generations who recognise Boyle's quiet brilliance for what it was – bold, original and ahead of its time.

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Averil Deverell (1893–1979)

First Woman Barrister in Ireland

In 1921 – just as Irish women won the right to vote – Averil Deverell from Greystones made history as one of the first women called to the Bar in Ireland.

Her breakthrough followed the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919, which opened the legal profession to women. But gaining the right was only the beginning – Deverell had to fight hard to be accepted in a male-dominated courtroom.

Every day, she faced sceptics who believed she didn't belong – and every case she won proved them wrong. She wasn't just building her career – she was paving the way for generations of women in law.

Today, female judges, barristers and solicitors owe much to Averil's determination. Her story is a powerful reminder that real change often begins with one person refusing to step aside.

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Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh (1911–1978)

President of Ireland

Born in Bray, Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh had a remarkable career – barrister, Attorney General, Chief Justice and eventually the fifth President of Ireland.

Known for his sharp mind and deep respect for constitutional law, Ó Dálaigh brought dignity and thoughtfulness to Irish public life.

In 1976, after a public insult from the Minister for Defence, Ó Dálaigh didn't respond with anger – instead, he resigned. His decision shocked the country and made headlines around the world.

It was a powerful act of protest – one that defended the honour of the presidency and showed that some principles are worth more than power. In an age where many leaders cling to office, Ó Dálaigh's example still stands apart – proof that walking away can be the boldest move of all.

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